1789
The French Revolution
After the revolution, Jews began to integrate into commerce and state institutions in Europe.
1894
Dreyfus and Herzl
The Dreyfus affair, in which Dreyfus was accused of espionage, became the ideological starting point for the Zionist movement.
1897
The First Zionist Congress
Under the leadership of Herzl, the idea of a Jewish state became institutionalized.
1903
Pogroms and Migration
Massacres against Jews in Eastern Europe accelerated migration to Palestine.
1917
The Balfour Declaration
England announced its support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
1937
The Peel Commission
The British proposed the partition of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states.
1940
The Holocaust and Jewish Migration
In Nazi Germany, 6 million Jews were murdered, and migration to Palestine increased.
1947
The UN Decision for the State of Israel
The UN proposed a two-state solution in Palestine. The Jews accepted, but the Arabs rejected it.
1948
The Establishment of Israel
Ben-Gurion declared Israel’s independence. The First Arab-Israeli War began.
1948
The Nakba – The Arab Catastrophe
More than 700,000 Palestinians became refugees, and the event was recorded in Arab history as “The Catastrophe.”
Women’s Cultural Resistance: 
